You should take contact with the overstudass, a solution might be possible.
Pensum (syllabus) for the midterm test includes all materials which were taught during the weeks 2 - 7 according the plans of the lectures.
We try to publish the excercises on friday, but this is not always possible. If the excercises are not published on friday, you may send an email to the overstudass and ask for permission to deliver after the deadline in good time before the deadline.
Yes. Those who attended the lectures will have some advantages, because Yurii discussed also some motivations, additional reasonings, tricks, etc. Still working the textbook out would be enough to survive with a decent grade if you do this in a proper manner, i.e. try to understand and analyze what is written there, (and of, course, make the homeworks) not just read it. Also some little pieces here and there from the chapters, mentioned in the teaching plan, are not lectured and thus are omitted from the pensum.